International Baccalaureate vs Advanced Placement

International Baccalaureate vs Advanced Placement Most people are familiar with AP, or Advanced Placement courses, but more and more families are learning about the International Baccalaureate, and wondering, whats the difference between the two programs? Heres a review of each program, and an overview of how they differ.   The AP Program AP coursework and exams are developed and administered by  CollegeBoard.com  and include 35 courses and exams in 20 subject areas. AP  or Advanced Placement Program consists of a three-year sequence of course work in a specific subject. It is available to serious students in Grades 10 to 12. The course work culminates in rigorous examinations held in May of the graduating year. AP Grading The examinations are scored on a five-point scale, with 5 being the highest mark attainable. The course work in a given subject is generally equivalent to a first-year college course. As a result, a student who achieves a 4 or 5 is usually permitted to skip the corresponding course as a freshman in college. Administered by the College Board, the AP program is guided by a panel of expert educators from around the U.S.A. This great program prepares students for the rigors of college-level work. AP Subjects Subjects offered include: Art HistoryBiologyCalculus AB BCChemistryComputer Science AEconomicsEnglishEnvironmental ScienceEuropean HistoryFrenchGerman LanguageGovernment PoliticsHuman GeographyInternational English Language (APIEL)LatinMusic TheoryPhysicsPsychologySpanishStatisticsStudio ArtUS HistoryWorld History Each year, according to the College Board, more than half a million students take over a million  Advanced Placement exams! College Credits and AP Scholar Awards Each college or university sets its own admissions requirements. Good scores in AP coursework indicate  to admissions staff that a student has achieved a recognized standard in that subject area. Most schools will accept scores of 3 or above as the equivalent of their introductory or first-year courses in the same subject area. Consult university websites for details. The College Board offers a series of 8 Scholar Awards which recognize outstanding scores in AP examinations. Advanced Placement International Diploma In order to earn the Advanced Placement International Diploma (APID) students must earn a grade of 3 or higher in five specified subjects. One of these subjects must be chosen from the AP global course offerings: AP World History, AP Human Geography, or  AP Government and Politics: Comparative. The APID is the College Boards answer to the  IBs international cachet  and acceptance. It is aimed at students studying abroad and American students who wish to attend university in a foreign country. Its important to note, however, this is not a replacement for a high school diploma, it is only a certificate. Description of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program The  IB  is a comprehensive curriculum designed to prepare students for liberal arts education at the tertiary level. It is directed by the  International Baccalaureate  Organisation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The mission of the IBO is to develop inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people who help to create a better and more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect. In North America over 645 schools offer IB programs. IB Programmes The IBO offers three programmes: the  Diploma Programme  for juniors and seniorsthe  Middle Years Programme  for students aged 11 to 16the  Primary Years Programme  for students aged 3 to 12 The programmes form a sequence but can be offered independently according to the needs of individual schools. The IB Diploma Programme The IB Diploma is truly international in its philosophy and aims. The curriculum requires balance and research. For instance, a science student has to become familiar with a foreign language, and a humanities student must understand laboratory procedures. In addition, all candidates for the IB diploma must undertake some extensive research into one of over sixty subjects. The IB Diploma is accepted at universities in over 115 countries. Parents appreciate the rigorous training and education which the IB programs offer their children.   What do AP and IB have in common? The International Baccalaureate (IB) and Advanced Placement (AP) are both  about excellence. A school doesnt commit to preparing students for these rigorous examinations lightly. Expert, well-trained faculty must implement and teach the courses which culminate in those examinations. They put a schools reputation squarely on the line. It boils down to two things: credibility and universal acceptance. These are key factors in a schools graduates gaining admission to the colleges and universities which they wish to attend. College admissions officers usually have a pretty good idea of a schools academic standards if the school has previously submitted applicants. The schools track record is more or less established by those prior candidates.  Grading policies  are understood. Curriculum taught has been examined. But what about a new school or a school from a foreign country or a school which is determined to upgrade its product? The AP and IB credentials immediately convey credibility. The standard is well-known and understood. Other things being equal, the college knows that a candidate with success in the AP or IB is ready for tertiary level work. The payoff for the student is exemption for many entry-level courses. This, in turn, means that the student gets his or her degree requirements completed more quickly. It also means fewer credits have to be paid for. How do APandIB differ? Reputation:  While the AP is widely accepted for course credit and recognized for its excellence at universities throughout the U.S., the IB Diploma Programmes reputation is even greater. Most international universities recognize and respect an IB diploma. Fewer U.S. schools offer the IB program than the AP- over 14,000 AP schools vs less than 1,000 IB schools according to  US News, but that number is on the rise for IB.  Style of Learning and  Courses:  The AP program has students focus deeply on one particular subject, and usually for a short period of time. The IB program takes a more holistic approach that focuses on a subject by not only delving in deep, but also applying it to other areas. Many IB courses are two-year continuous courses of study, vs. the APs one-year-only approach. IB courses related to each other in a coordinated cross-curricular approach with specific overlapping between the studies. AP courses are singular and not designed to be a part of an overla pping course of study between disciplines. AP courses are one level of study, while IB offers both a standard level and a higher level.   Requirements:  AP courses can be taken at will, in any manner at any time according to the schools discretion. While some schools do allow students to enroll in IB courses in a similar manner, if a student specifically wants to be a candidate for an IB diploma, they must take two years of exclusive IB courses in accordance with rules and regulations from the IBO. IB students aiming for the diploma must take at least 3 higher level courses.  Testing:  Educators have described the difference between the two testing methods as follows: AP tests to see what you dont know; IB tests to see what you do know. AP tests are designed to see what students know about a specific subject, pure and simple.  IB tests ask students to reflect on the knowledge they possess in order to test a students skills and abilities to analyze and present information, evaluate and make arguments, and creatively solve problems.  Diploma:  AP students who meet specific criteria receive a certificate that has an international reputation, but still only graduate with a traditional high school diploma. On the other hand, IB students who meet the required criteria and scores at schools in the US will receive two diplomas: the traditional high school diploma as well as the International Baccalaureate Diploma.   Rigor:  Many AP students will note that their studies are more demanding than non-AP peers, but they have the option to pick and choose courses at will. IB students, on the other hand, but take only IB courses if they wish to qualify for the IB diploma. IB students regularly express that their studies are extremely demanding. While they report high levels of stress during the program, most IB students report being incredibly prepared for college and appreciative of the rigor after they complete the program.   AP vs. IB: Which is Right for Me? Flexibility is a major factor in determining which program is right for you. AP courses provide more wiggle room when it comes to choosing courses, the order in which they are taken, and more. IB courses require a strict course of study for two solid years. If studying outside of the US is not a priority and youre unsure about the commitment to an IB program, then an AP program may be right for you. Both programs will prepare you for college, but where you plan to study may be a deciding factor in which program you choose. Article edited by Stacy Jagodowski

Is the School Justified in Firing a Teacher Posing for an Adult Websit Research Paper - 1

Is the School Justified in Firing a Teacher Posing for an Adult Website - Research Paper Example II. Any teacher is a role model for his students and as such the high school teachers’ act of posing on an adult, the website gives a bad effect on the ideology of the students. Thus, the teacher should be penalized to prevent further damage to the students’ ideology. III. As a teacher of a school, she should have conformed to some public, moral, business, and ethical standards as her actions affect her students and indirectly a larger community, which she did not, making her eligible to be dismissed. IV. Before getting hired by the school, the teacher signed an agreement which read, â€Å"I agree to promote this schools mission of training good and law-abiding citizens who will make this society a better place to live.† The act of posing for the adult website creates a bad impact on the students. It can happen that the students start posing for adult websites following the teacher. The teacher violates her contractual obligation â€Å"of training good and law-abiding citizens who will make this society a better place to live† (Contract clause) and therefore she should be fired. V. It can be presumed that the teacher has caused harm to the students by posing for an adult website once students have come to know about it and this makes the teacher liable to â€Å"be sued personally for causing student injury† and she may â€Å"also lose her job† (Kaplan and Owings 252). VI. The high school teacher was also negligent in doing her duty towards preventing harm to the students. She never thought for an instant that when her act of posing for an adult website is disclosed she may cause a bad impact on the ideology of the students and indirectly the future of the students. Moreover, â€Å"neglect of duty and negligence† is a ground for dismissal of a teacher in 26 states of US (Neal 86). this case, which includes dismissal of the teacher for immorality, causing harm, violation of contract, injury to the students and negligence.  

GoTo Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GoTo Statement - Essay Example A goto statement is a constituent of many languages like C, C++, COBOL, Pascal, Algol and others, especially of assembly languages. Nevertheless a goto statement is not popular in all higher-level languages of programming. Thus in Java goto statement is a reserved statement at present (Tribble 3). During the period of early stage of structured programming development many experts in computer science arrived at a conclusion that in programs it is better to use "structured flow-control commands", for example, loops and "if-then-else statements" rather than a goto statement (Tribble 5). Though there are experts who consider that despite the fact that "goto statement considered harmful", there exist some problems in a great number of programming languages that can't be directly decided without a goto statement, like, for instance, exception handling or breaking out of nested loops (Knuth 268). "There are few good uses for a goto statement. It is not uncommon for the class instructor to ban goto statements altogether. But the traditional legitimate use for a goto is to allow the programmer to escape from deep nesting when a special case (usually an error) has been encountered. For Pascal programmers, this means that, on rare occasion, you may want to goto'' the end of a subroutine in order to exit.

Global Impact & Community Essay Example for Free

Global Impact Community Essay Aside from being the most crowded city in the United States, the City of New York is considered the most heavily populated major city in North America. It is the country’s most culturally diverse region, as it holds people that speak 138 different languages drawn from more than 90 countries. The most recognized cultural minorities in the region are Native Americans/Alaska Natives, Asian American/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and African-American. Settlement History From 1892 to 1954, more than 12 million immigrants entered and dispersed all over the United States. Hispanic persons from South or Central American country, Mexico, Cuba, or Puerto Rico, comprised the large number of those immigrants. Throughout the 1990s, Hispanic origin comprised of almost 25 percent of the city’s population, and Hispanic school children of the city consisted of almost 35 percent (DeCamp). Hispanics are the largest minority in the city today, and the population continually grows through immigration and increase through birth. During the early 20th century, the lower eastside of Manhattan was mostly male communities that consisted of Asian immigrant workers who had originally moved out to California. â€Å"Since 1965, the Asian population has been growing steadily, and by 1990, Asians as a whole represented the second largest group of language minorities in New York City† (DeCamp). Conversely, some African-Americans are descendants from natives that were brought to the United States over two centuries ago, while others emigrated from Africa, South America and Caribbean in recent times. It was in 1994 that black residents began to arrive en masse supplied by the Great Migration. Most Famous Ethnic Place-Name, Communities and Districts Harlem is a region in the New York City that is long acknowledged as a major African-American business, cultural, and residential center. Until 1873, Harlem was a village independent of New York City. It has been characterized by boom-and- bust cycles, with considerable ethnic changes going with each cycle. Harlem extends from the East River west to the Hudson River flanked by 159th Street; where it convenes Washington Heights, to a border down the south. Chinatown is New Yorks major and most vibrant ethnic neighborhood which up to now is still rapidly growing. Streets have teemed with hundreds of Chinese restaurants, gift shops and grocery stores. New Yorks Chinatown is the leading Chinatown in the United States and is the cultural, historical, economical, and political center of the Chinese community in the region. It is western hemisphere’s largest site of Chinese concentration. Distinctive Local Food New York City is a blend of nationalities and cultures, and the cuisines served by its thousands of restaurants are a sign of that diversity. Some of the famous restaurants in New York City that offer distinctive local food to ethnic minorities are 2nd Avenue Delicatessen, Inc. , Abyssinia Ethiopian Restaurant, Aesthetic Alternatives, Bistro Monk, Charley Os, Ding Ho Laundry, Dragon Gems Inc. , and El Rey Delos Caridad Restaurant. In addition, there are hundreds of restaurants located in Chinatown where traditional and authentic Chinese cuisines are served. The styles of Chinese food most recognizable in the region are Hunan, Shanghai, Szechwan, and Cantonese. Contemporary Cultural Influences 1. Currently, dozens of television and radio newscasters are providing their services to several ethnic communities in New York City. Radio and television stations, as well as their respective broadcasters, believe that they are not merely the pipelines of entertainment, information, and news, as they perceive themselves as political and cultural lifeline to the general population from faraway places. These broadcasting networks believe that they are mediums that provide opportunity to all ethnic backgrounds to talk about their distinctive heritage and culture. 2. Because of New York City’s growing ethnic populations over the past decades, members of minority groups have been provided with additional apartments from the City’s private housing projects. More than 86 apartment expansions were built in the city with the goal set to 20 percent minority occupancy (Blair). However, the goal set is not intended as the ceiling to exclude or limit minorities. 3. With New York City’s varied and rich culture, it has long sustained visible and successful minority businesses. Minority entrepreneurs famed themselves to a handful of expected industries such as: Latino-owned bodegas; Korean greengroceries; or Chinese garment factories and restaurants. Years ago, the economic census of minority firms of the federal government counted to just 4,500 Asian, Latino, and Black businesses in New York City, providing work for roughly 18,000 people, or approximately 9 percent of 1997’s total. â€Å"Added to that were another 36,000 self-employed minorities† (Malanga). Since that time, a transformation has occurred in the small-business community of New York City. Gathering together their extensive knowledge as executives in the corporate world, the city’s Asian, Latino, and Black entrepreneurs not only maintained their numerous well-known traditional minority industries but also ascended away from them by opening publishing ventures, design and graphic shops, consulting firms, and ad agencies. Conclusion New York City’s status as one of the most vibrant cultural regions of the United States is shaped by centuries of immigration; nevertheless, the number of foreign born New Yorkers is still expected to increase over the next decade. Asian, Latino, and Black will be numerically elevated to ever growing proportions of the city’s population, and it is not unlikely that in the near future, more than half the city’s inhabitants will have been born outside the United States. Accordingly, attributable to the diverse cultures’ influence, ethnic communities, business, etc. are also expected to flourish. Works Cited Blair, William. 3 May 1984. â€Å"Accord in Minority Suit Provides for More Subsidized Apartments. † The New York Times. 30 April 2009 http://www. nytimes. com/1984/05/03/nyregion/accord-in-minority-suit-provides-for-more-subsidized-apartments. html? n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FM%2FMinorities%20(US). DeCamp, Suzanne. The Linguistic Minorities of New York City. New York: Office of Information, Community Service Society of New York, 1991. Malanga, Steven. 2002. â€Å"Minority Business Triumphs in Gotham. † City Journal. 30 April 2009 http://www. city-journal. org/html/12_2_minority_business. html.

Dreams :: essays research papers

Dreams: Could They Be All They Are Made Out To Be?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ³Over a seventy-year life span, you ¹ll devote at least fifty thousand hours to dreaming ² (Segell 42). These dreams can be made up of many things. They can be a window into another world or  ³like a urgent fax from your subconscious ² (Graves 97). Many things can affect what we dream about and they are not always our previous thoughts. Things such as gender, information gained during the course of time, or even sensations received while asleep all contribute to the content of dreams. Many times they contribute more than most people think.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gender affects many things, including the way we dream.  ³Men typically dream about fighting, protecting, or competing in an outside environment; women are more likely to dream about relationships and loss in an inside environment ² (Segell 42). Most men have been brought up with the notion that they must have more of a tendency of being aggressive. In this aggression they either dream about how aggressive they are or about the lack of aggression in their daily routine. Women, on the other hand, have typically been brought up to be more emotional than men. This up bringing has also affected the way women dream.  ³Women are more likely to dial into their interior life whether awake or asleep ² (Segell 42). This means that women will read into their dreams more frequently then men. Researchers have found that problems that occur during the day either at work or home and are worked through in your sleep (Segell 42). While men would most likely look at these d reams as nothing but a dream, women will try to face these problems throughout the day. Although there are many differences there are also similarities between men and women in dreams.  ³Like women, you have slightly more negative than positive dreams ² (Segell 42). Which in this case would show one of those similarities. Other similarities would include sex dreams and the ongoing infatuation about their body and physical appearances. This also shows that although men and women are very different their mind works very similarly. This could be from being brought up or society constantly showing no hope in the life we live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the course of the night your mind will keep working or trying to figure out problems that crossed your path over time.  ³Dreams perform emotional homework that helps us master life ¹s lessons ² (Graves 190).

Henrician Reformation

To What Extent Was The Henrician Reformation Inspired By The Political And Dynastic Consideration Rather Than Religious Ideology? The Henrician Reformation posed many religiously inspired ideology as well as both political and dynastic considerations. Evidence shows all three played their particular part in successfully inspiring the Henrician Reformation. From various acts being passed in 1533 and 1534, with one of them being The Act of Supremacy, in which Henry’s dynasty becomes more powerful than it was before. However, religiously the reformation was inspired by such things as, the break from Rome and the Pope due to Henry’s need for a divorce form Catherine of Aragon. Also the denominational faith of England being changed to the new ‘Church of England’ faith. Henry’s dynasty was in tact right up to the point in which he died. This was due to, The Supremacy Act. He got what he wanted in terms of wealth, divorce, etc. and the people were fine with his power as it didn’t per say affect until he began closing the monasteries. Henry used parliament and politics to make known his growing supremacy over the Church of England faith. He did initially do this to allow the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. In the 1540s, as Henry’s health go down hill and was not very substantial, William Paget and Co. rallied a successful overthrow against the conservatives. This in turn allowed them to not only control the king’s will but also seize power in the next reign. The Henrician Reformation did however become inspired by religious ideology. The pregnancy of Anne Boleyn ignited Henry’s already urgent plea to be granted a divorce from his current wife, Catherine of Aragon. The pregnancy itself was a social faux par and id not please the Pope and the divorce proceedings would only make the issue worse. This was the first religious inspiration, which could be said to have inspired the Henrician Reformation, which eventually resulted in the break from Rome and the Pope, giving England its new Protestant faith, The Church of England. Once Henry had succumbed to the inevitable loss of his money he and Thomas Cromwell devised a plan to close the monasteries. This would allow Henry to gain money form the tithes and annates. In 1536 the Ten Articles were published. The Ten Articles declared that ‘Christ’s body and blood were actually present ‘substantially’. This statement meant that it could be used by Catholics or Lutherans as well. It was done in the thinking that it would justify the articles which proclaimed that ‘sinners attain the justification by contrition and faith joined with chanty’. This was a Catholic fixation. 3 years later, in 1539, The Act of Six Articles was published. It was published as it came to light that England was not as protestant as hoped and still remained substantially Catholic. Denial of transubstantiation was made punishable by burning. Politically and dynastically the reformation was inspired but evidence shows that without the religious ideology, it wouldn’t have become such a famous reform. Religious ideology initially started off the reformation, with Henry wanting a male heir to the throne of England. Dynastic and political considerations only back-up the initial fact. The Henrician Reformation began with religion and although it was inspired by politics and dynasty, this can’t take away from the fact that religion had a profound effect on the Henrician Reformation.

Descartes’ Special Causal Principle Essays - 2201 Words

Descartes’ Special Causal Principle In his Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to uncover certain truths about existence. In his Third Meditation, he establishes his special causal principle (SCP). Descartes uses this principle to explore the origin of ideas, and to prove the existence of God. I agree that there is much logic to be found in the SCP, but I disagree with Descartes method of proving Gods existence, and in this essay I will explain why. I will begin by explaining the SCP, and will then demonstrate how Descartes applies this principle to prove that God exists. I will then present my critique of the SCP, and expose the flaws in both of Descartes proofs with regards to the principle. A conclusion will then†¦show more content†¦Newtons laws of motion dictate that an object remains inert unless it is acted upon by some force. It follows that the effect of that force cannot be greater than the force itself. For example, a boy scout cannot derive more heat from a campfire than the actual tempera ture of the fire itself. As far as physical objects go, Descartes is making a completely logical argument. At this point, we must remember that Descartes is still dealing with the metaphysical. He has yet to prove that anything in the physical world exists. Descartes avoids this trap by formulating that the SCP not only applies to physical objects, but also to ideas. By applying the SCP to his ideas (which exist metaphysically), Descartes is providing himself with his sole criteria to judge between true existence and existence that is merely perceived. In order to show that ideas are subject to the SCP, Descartes points out a difference between formal and objective reality. Objective reality is the reality presented in a picture or idea, whereas formal reality exists in the object of the picture or the idea. Objective reality is reflectional whereas formal reality is actual. There cannot be more objective reality than actual reality, otherwise the surplus reality must derive from nothing, which is impossible. Once this is established, Descartes furthers his premise though the exte nsion of theShow MoreRelatedDescartes Argument For God s Existence Of God Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagespaper, I offer a reconstruction of Descartes argument for God’s existence in the Third Meditation. Descartes tries to prove the existence of God with an argument that proceeds from the clear and distinct idea of an infinite being to the existence of himself. He believes that his clear and distinct idea of an infinite being with infinite â€Å"objective reality† leads to the occurrence of the â€Å"Special Causal Principle†. I will start by discussing and analyzing Descartes clear and distinct idea of an infiniteRead MoreDescartes : The Existence Of God1682 Words   |  7 Pages Descartes’ attempt to prove the existence of God begins with the Trademark argument. 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